Past tenses - English Grammar Lessons Guide

 Past tenses - English Grammar Lessons Guide

There are four past tenses in English. Use them to talk about things that started and ended in the past or things that started in the past and continue to the present.

Past tenses - English Grammar Lessons Guide

Simple past for actions starting and ending in the past.

Past continuous for actions starting in the past and continuing to the present.

Past perfect for actions that started and ended in the past before another action that is also in the past.

Past perfect continuous for actions that were going on in the past up until another action in the past happened.

Examples of Past Tense

Bill attended the program.

Tom performed in the show.

Alice was practicing on the tennis court.

Jim had been there a long time ago.

I was waiting for my friends.

Peter had been cooking the meal before we reached there.

Alana was happy to hear the news.

Jeff had left the place before we reached.

Rock was singing in the show.

Bob was playing football in the field.

They were practicing cricket for the upcoming tournament.

Alex was excited to go to the concert.

Dana wrote the letter.

I was attending the class.

I prepared the design.

Albert was sick.

Patrick went to the library.

John had written the application before you came.

Paul started reading after the teacher had entered the room.

Rick was exhausted.

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Present perfect continuous - English Grammar Lessons Guide

The present perfect continuous is used to denote an unspecified time between "before now" and "now". The speaker thinks of something that started but may not have ended during this time. He / she is interested in the process as well as the outcome, and that process may still be ongoing, or may just be over.

Present perfect continuous - English Grammar Lessons Guide

Forming the present perfect continuous

The present perfect continuous is made up of two elements: the present perfect of the verb 'to be' (have/has been), and the present participle of the main verb (base+ing)

Subject	+has/have been	+base+ing
She	has been	swimming

Affirmative: She has been / She's been running.

Negative: She hasn't been running.

Interrogative : Has she been running?

Interrogative negative: Hasn't she been running?

Example: present perfect continuous, TO LIVE

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
I have been living	I haven't been living	Have I been living?
You have been living	You haven't been living	Have you been living?
He, she, it has been living	He hasn't been living	Has she been living?
We have been living	We haven't been living	Have we been living?
You have been living	You haven't been living	Have you been living?
They have been living	They haven't been living	Have they been living?

Examples of Present Perfect Continuous Tense

I have been writing articles on different topics since morning.

He has been reading the book for two hours.

They have been playing football for an hour.

She has been finding the dress since morning.

He has been studying in the library for three hours.

We have been shopping at this fair for two hours.

We have been watching a movie in this Cineplex for two hours.

You have been shopping in that market for three hours.

I have been singing different kinds of songs, especially modern.

I have been listening to melodious songs for an hour.

He has been traveling around the world for a month.

They have been playing cricket in that field for five hours.

The poet has been writing romantic poems for several hours.

The lyricist has been writing realistic songs since the beginning of his career.

Have you been listening to realistic songs since morning?

I have not been watching the cricket match for an hour.

Have you been preparing the assignment for two hours?

I have been helping him to do the task for an hour.

My mom has been cooking for three hours.

I have been watching the concert for an hour.

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Present Perfect tense examples - English Grammar Lessons Guide

Present Perfect tense examples - English Grammar Lessons Guide

Present Perfect tense examples

Definition of the present perfect tense

The present perfect is used to indicate a link between the present and the past. The time of the action is before now but not specified, and we are often more interested in the result than in the action itself.

Actions started in the past and continuing in the present

• They haven't lived here for years.
• She has worked in the bank for five years.
• We have had the same car for ten years.
• Have you played the piano since you were a child?

When the time period referred to has not finished

• I have worked hard this week.
• It has rained a lot this year.
• We haven't seen her today.

Actions repeated in an unspecified period between the past and now.

• They have seen that film six times
• It has happened several times already.
• She has visited them frequently.
• We have eaten at that restaurant many times.

Actions completed in the very recent past (+just)

• Have you just finished work?
• I have just eaten.
• We have just seen her.
• Has he just left?

When the precise time of the action is not important or not known

• Someone has eaten my soup!
• Have you seen 'Gone with the Wind'?
• She's studied Japanese, Russian, and English.

To Walk, present perfect

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
I have walked	I haven't walked	Have I walked?
You have walked	You haven't walked	Have you walked?
He, she, it has walked	He, she, hasn't walked	Has he, she, it walked?
We have walked	We haven't walked	Have we walked?
You have walked	You haven't walked	Have you walked?
They have walked	They haven't walked	Have they walked?

Present Perfect Tense Examples

Present perfect tense can be used with expressions that are unspecific in time:

• I have lost my purse.
• We have seen this movie already.
• He has broken his leg.
• There has been an accident.

Some examples of present perfect tense used to express an unfinished period of time are:

• We haven't seen her today.
• They have been to the mall twice this month.
• She has watched that show three times this week.

Examples of using present perfect in talking about events that happened in the recent past but the effect of the recent event is still felt in the present include:

• The children have made a mess in the kitchen.
• He has started a new job.
• She has finished her chores.

Present perfect tense can be used in questions as well. Here are some examples:

• Where have I left my sandals?
• Have you visited England?
• Has she met John?

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Present Continuous - English Grammar Lessons Guide

 Present Continuous - English Grammar Lessons Guide

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Present Continuous - English Grammar Lessons Guide

Forming the present continuous

The present continuous of any verb is composed of two parts - the present tense of the verb to be + the present participle of the main verb.

(The form of the present participle is: base+ing, e.g. talking, playing, moving, smiling)

Affirmative

Subject

+ to be

+ base

+ ing

 She is talking.

Negative

Subject

+ to be

+ not

+ base + ing

 She is not (isn't) talking

Interrogative

to be

+ subject

+ base

+ ing

 Is she talking?

Present Continuous Examples

The following are basic examples of the present continuum. The verb tense in each sentence is underlined.

• She is crying.
• He is talking to his friend.
• The baby is sleeping in his crib.

The present continuous can be used to express something that is happening right now or to express something that is not happening right now. Examples of this use include:

• He is not standing.
• Anthony is sitting in the chair.
• You are not watching the movie.
• Rose is reading a book.

The present continuous can also be used to show that something will or will not happen in the near future. Examples of this use include:

• She is not going to the game tonight.
• He is meeting his friends after school.
• Are you visiting your cousin this weekend?
• I am not going to the meeting after work.
• Is John playing football today?

The present continuous can be used for actions that are still occurring while speaking. Examples of this use include:

• Marc is making pizza now.
• They are eating lunch right now.

The present continuous can also be used in questions. Here are some more examples of this use:

• Is she laughing?
• Are they listening to the teacher?
• Is the baby drinking his bottle?
• Are you going?

Examples: TO GO, present continuous

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
I am going	I am not going	Am I going?
You are going	You aren't going.	Are you going?
He, she, it is going He, she, it	isn't going	Is he, she, it going?
We are going	We aren't going	Are we going?
You are going	You aren't going	Are you going?
They are going	They aren't going	Are they going?

Exceptions

Perception verbs (see, hear, feel, taste, smell) are often used with can: I can see... These verbs may be used in the continuous form but with a different meaning

• This coat feels nice and warm. (your perception of the coat's qualities)
• John's feeling much better now (his health is improving)
• She's having supper. (She's eating)

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Simple Present tense - English Grammar Lessons Guide

 Simple Present tense - English Grammar Lessons Guide

Simple present tense - English Grammar Lessons Guide

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Simple Present tense:  Examples

For habits

He drinks tea at breakfast.

She only eats fish.

They watch television regularly.

For repeated actions or events

We catch the bus every morning.

It rains every afternoon in the hot season.

They drive to Monaco every summer.

For general truths

Water freezes at zero degrees.

The Earth revolves around the Sun.

Her mother is Peruvian.

For instructions or directions

Open the packet and pour the contents into hot water.

You take the No.6 bus to Watney and then the No.10 to Bedford.

For fixed arrangements

His mother arrives tomorrow.

Our holiday starts on the 26th March

With future constructions

She'll see you before she leaves.

We'll give it to her when she arrives.

Forming the simple present tense: to think

Affirmative	Interrogative	Negative
I think	Do I think?	I do not think
You think	Do you think?	You do not think
He thinks	Does he think?	He does not think
She thinks	Does she think?	She does not think
It thinks	Does it think?	It does not think
We think	Do we think?	We do not think.
They think	Do they think?	They do not think

 

simple present, third person singular

Examples

He goes to school every morning.

She understands English.

It mixes the sand and the water.

He tries very hard.

She enjoys playing the piano.

Simple Present tense:  More Examples

• My father goes to gym every day.
• She loves to play basketball.
• She thinks he is very handsome.
• I run every weekend.
• We play tennis every morning.
• Does he write an email?
• They talk too much.
• Does he go to school?
• It usually rains every day here.
• It smells very delicious in the kitchen.
• My son lives in London.
• My sisters do the ironing.
• They make the bed.
• My father always washes the cars.
• My teacher sometimes forgets his keys.
• I like ice-cream.
• The students wear their uniform.
• It smells very delicious in the kitchen.
• Alex brushes her teeth twice a day.
• He gets up early every day.
• They speak English in USA.
• We generally sing songs all together.
• We go to a gallery every Sunday.
• They drive their kids to school every day.
• We walk slowly.

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